Drug Glucose Lowering Agents For Treating People With...

Cite the study of article Lo C, Toyama T, Hirakawa Y, Jun M, Cass A, Hawley C, Pilemore H, Badev SV, Percovic V, Zoungas S. Insuline Glucose lowering agents for treating people with diabetics and chronic Kidney disease. Cochrane Database of systematic reviews 2015, Issue 8. Art. No. CD011798. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD011798. Literature review Diabetes is highly prevalent condition, affecting 8.2 % of adults globally or 382 million people. Incidence is increasing with a estimated global prevalence of 592 million people by 2035. It further results in Chronic kidney disease further may lead to ESKD(End-Stage Kidney Disease). Diabetics is the most common cause of CKD, and accounts upto 60% of people who develop ESKD. Pharmacological interventions used to improve glucose control include both oral glucose lowering agents and injectables including glucose like peptide insulin. Apart from insulin the choice of available pharmacological interventions to treat diabetics has expanded rapidly over the past decade. Till date, the efficacy safety of these therapies have not been well documented in people with diabetics CKD. Purpose of Article: To examine the efficacy and safety of insulin and other pharmacological interventions for lowering glucose-lowering levels in patients with diabetics and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). It becomes really challenging to achieve normal glucose level in patients with diabetic CKD. The development progression of CKD result inShow MoreRelatedInvestigatory Project4554 Words   |  19 PagesResearch II Reina Regina S. Camus Researcher March 2012 ACKNOWLEDGMENT For the successful completion of the study, the researcher would like to express her deepest gratitude to all the people who patiently helped her in making this study possible especially to her ever-loving and caring parents who supported her morally and financially. To thank her teacher in Research II, Ms. Liza Castor for her outstanding guidance and untiring supportRead MoreBANANA AND WOUND HEALING7392 Words   |  30 Pagesand dysentery and on ulcers; cooked flowers are given to diabetics; the astringent plant sap in cases of hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, fevers, hemorrhages, acute dysentery and diarrhea, and it is applied on hemorrhoids, insect and other stings and bites; young leaves are placed as poultices on burns and other skin afflictions; the astringent ashes of the unripe peel and of the leaves are taken in dysentery and diarrhea and used for treating malignant ulcers; the roots are administered in digestiveRead MoreSample Lit Review on Hypertension11736 Words   |  47 Pagessocioeconomic changes. 2.1 Background to the literature review The occurrence of hypertension, a chronic condition, is increasing in developing countries such as Thailand due to the sociological, political and economic changes and the associated alterations in people’s lifestyles. This follows similar trends in western countries (National Economic and Social Development Board 1997). These lifestyle changes can cause chronic health problems, as a result of poor habits in food and alcohol consumption, lack ofRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesC—Public Health Workforce Subtitle D—Adapting Workforce to Evolving Health System Needs TITLE III—PREVENTION AND WELLNESS TITLE IV—QUALITY AND SURVEILLANCE TITLE V—OTHER PROVISIONS Subtitle A—Drug Discount for Rural and Other Hospitals; 340B Program Integrity Subtitle B—Programs Subtitle C—Food and Drug Administration Subtitle D—Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Subtitle E—Miscellaneous DIVISION D—INDIAN HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENT TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO INDIAN LAWS TITLE II—IMPROVEMENT

The Strategic Management

Question : Discuss about the Strategic Management ? Answer : Introduction One of the most reputed and renowned company in the oil and gas sector belonging to Australia is Woodside Petroleum. It was founded in the year 1954 and the headquarters of the company is located at Woodside Plaza located in Australia (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The company is owned by Royal Dutch Shell and the company is listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The operating profit of the company is 26 million US$ in the year 2015. The company has exploration, operations and development of liquefied natural gas projects in countries such as Canada, US, New Zealand, Korea, Ireland and others (Woodside.com.au, 2016). This paper would analyze various aspects of this organization including business strategies, criticisms, organizational culture and business environment analysis. Business Strategies of Woodside Petroleum Woodside Petroleum is a worldwide popular oil and gas organization which is considered as one of the largest operator of the oil as well as gas production (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The company has different projects in remote regions of Western Australia such as North West Shelf and Pluto projects (Woodside.com.au, 2016). These projects are one of the premium natural gas facilities in the world and have given superior performance in the last 30 years. The vision of Woodside Petroleum include that the company aspires to become the world leader in the development and distribution of oil and gas (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The mission includes the company strives to deliver the superior return policy to large number of stakeholders (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The strategic direction of the company is aimed at maintaining its market position in Australia by the optimization of assets as well as commercialization of the premium opportunities (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The core values of Woodside Petroleum include respect, integrity, discipline, sustainability, team work and excellence (Woodside.com.au, 2016). There are several competitors of the organization including ROC Oil Co. Ltd, ExxonMobil Australia Pty Ltd and China Petroleum. The business strategies of the company have evolved through the years. The business strategies of the company have displayed a progressive set of actions that have focussed on the business development of the organization. During the year 1979, the company gained approvals for commencing the North West Shelf Gas Project (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The organization has engaged in the business contract of Liquefied Natural Gas with eight Japanese firms (Woodside.com.au, 2016). It constantly looks for lucrative firms with which it can make profitable business opportunities. Woodside Petroleum is constantly looking for new exploration sites which would be lucrative options for the organization. This has resulted the organization to locate various condensate fields and oil fields. The company believes in the fact that it is important to discover new oil fields for the purpose of gaining competitive advantage. This drives the company to constantly search and scrutinise new oil fields (Woodside .com.au, 2016). This eagerness of the company has resulted in the discovery of Laverda oil field, Cossack oil field, Hermes oil fields, Laminaria oil field and others. At the present, the company has adopted a different set of business strategies. It has adopted three core values in their organizational policy such as portfolio growth, leveraging organizational capability and maximising the value of core assets (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The organization has positioned itself with expanding asset base as well as distinctive capabilities that are necessary for organizational success. This has been done by the increased adoption of the latest technologies. The organization has adopted the liquefaction technologies as well as LNG technologies for greater automation in their business processes (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The technology adoption has also resulted in the establishment of the remote operations in the offshore oil projects (Woodside.com.au, 2016). This has reduced the operational costs of the company as well as increased the organizations maintenance outcome. The company concentrates on the Australian region, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Atlantic regions. It strives to be the reputed emerging petroleum provinces (Woodside.com.au, 2016). Woodside Petroleum strives to expand its business operation networks and hence it has created an extensive network of exploration assets in locations such as Spain, Peru, Brazil, Ireland and others (Woodside.com.au, 2016). Criticism of business practices The multinational companies have always faced multiple challenges when aiming for business expansions (Kumar et al., 2013). There can be stiff resistance when implementing new organizational policies. The challenges can also be related to the day to day functioning of the organization. The same holds true for Woodside Petroleum. In the past, it was severely criticized for under-performance. The competitors of the company have not performed well and this has proved advantageous to the company. It has failed to revive the quality of their operational procedures and hence it holds the second position in the Australian economy. There are two instances during which the companys business decisions were severely criticized (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The first instance which proved to be troublesome for the company was when the Mauritian leader Ely Ould Mohamed Vall announced that the contracts made with Woodside Petroleum. The issue began when Woodside Petroleum agreed to pay US$600 million for developing the Chinguetti Offshore Oil Project in Mauritania (Aguilera et al., 2012). The Mauritanian government has claimed that Woodside Petroleum has signed the agreement beyond the legal framework. The company was accused of bribery and corruption when entering into the trade agreements. The organization was unable to portray ethical business practices when dealing with foreign government. The Australian Federal Police accused Woodside Petroleum of corruption as well as bribery, which was reported by the Sunday Morning Herald (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The BBC News reported the company performed outside the legal purview which caused great trouble for the organization. The second instance when Woodside Petroleum faced severe public criticism was when it made deceptive public comments (Sridhar and Jone, 2013). The criticism was done by the industry entity- Australian Conservation Foundation. The Foundation accused the company by stating that the company made unnecessary exaggeration in the public which did not match with the statements given to the investors and other stakeholders. The different statements made by the company in the public were contradictory and this caused huge trouble to the company. Theprimary aim of the company was to gain free carbon permits and this was the primary reasons for the deceptive statements, as claimed by the Conservation Foundation (Woodside.com.au, 2016). In the year 2009, the Australian Conservation Foundationlodges an official complaintagainst Woodside Petroleum. The federal consumer affairs were also involved for taking suitable action against the company. The company has faced criticisms from the customers, external stakeholders, legal institutions, industry experts and others. This caused negative brand image of the company. The legal proceedings and the controversy have impacted the reputation of the company. It has also caused major financial loss of the company. Business Environment Analysis of Woodside Petroleum The external as well as internal business environment of Woodside Petroleum needsto be analyzed for understanding the strategic business position in the oil and gas industry. The four analytical tools are used for this purpose such as PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis, internal environment analysis and specific environment analysis. Political factors The oil as well as gas industry is influenced by the different political factors such as political instability, government regulations and geopolitical conflicts (North et al., 2014). Economic factors There is close relationship with the oil prices and value of US dollar that affect the pricing regulation of the company. The central value influences the dollar value which is an important factor in the pricing strategy of the oil and gas products (North et al., 2014). The factors such as shadow banking system, global economic crisis and recession also play a major role in shaping the business policies of Woodside Petroleum (Azar, 2015). Social factors There has been an increase in the awareness of the environment friendly fuels, increased awareness of the natural gas products and decreasing dependence on the fossil fuels (Stigka, Paravantis and Mihalakakou, 2014). These factors influence the manufacturing and the distribution of the oil as well as gas organizations. Technological factors There are some advanced technological factors which affect the oil and gas industry such as 3D printers, remote inspection, imaging technologies, data mapping and autonomous vehicles. Environmental factors The environmental factors such as heavier fuels usage, oil spills and refined petroleum spills affect the human as well as animal life to a great extent (Doerffer, 2013). The oil and gas pipelines have affected the natural water bodies such as rivers, oceans and cropland. Legal factors The legal framework involves the gas regulations, oil regulations and the natural gas regulations that determine the nature of the business policies of the company (North et al., 2014). It is also important to put emphasis on the intellectual property rights. The customers have displayed an increased consumption pattern for the oil as well as gas products (Clark, Horner and Harto, 2013). There has been an increase in the related industries that rely on the oil and gas products for making their manufacturing products. The functioning of this industry is being affected by partners, customers, unions, and competitors. The industry relies heavily on the supply chain process and hence the companies design their policies accordingly. Internal environmental analysis The internal business environment of Woodside Petroleum comprises of different entities such as process, employees, operations and the management. The aim of the process is to increase the production of the firm so that there is increased profitability of the firm (Sholarin and Awange, 2015). The operation process comprises of the division of labor and optimum utilization of the organizational resources (Sholarin and Awange, 2015). The managers strive to enhance the productivity of the employees thereby leading to the success of the organization. The primary purpose of the management function is the amalgamation of the major job roles in the organization by focusing on team work. SWOT analysis The SWOT analysis of the firm is depicted as below- STRENGHTS WEAKNESS Premium quality products Market leader High innovation Largest producer- LNG Reputed oil exploration process Years in design engineering Legal issues Issues relating to land acquisition Faulty oil mist detector Damaging effect on brand reputation Hurdles regarding James Price Gas OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Expand capabilities of natural gas products More exploration of the oil reserves High prices for the oil and gas products Increasing demand from developing economies High tendency of natural disasters Increased risk of operating risks Demand and supply shocks Political threat Drilling difficulties in unfamiliar geographical domains Fig: SWOT analysis of Woodside Petroleum Source: Created by author Organizational Culture The organizational culture of Woodside Petroleum comprises of the respect, integrity, discipline, sustainability and excellence (Woodside.com.au, 2016). The company believes in these core values and tries to implement them in the organization. The organizational culture of the company makes it sure that the quality of the internal environment is fair, honest and open (Bayzakova, 2014). The company also makes it a point to motivate the employees so that they can stick together for a longer duration. This in turn increases the productivity of the employees and this is beneficial from an organizational point of view. The director of the company Michael A Chaney has displayed significant leadership capabilities (Woodside.com.au, 2016). He is a democratic leader who strives to gain consensus through the process of participation. The person has involved his subordinates in the decision-making process of the organization. Mr. Chaney tries to give equal importance to the contribution of his team and their viewpoints are considered while formulating important decisions (Woodside.com.au, 2016). It is true that he takes into account the verdict of his employees, however, he takes the final decisions. He is also engaged in the delegation of authority to his subordinates. This is done after determining the best person for carrying out the specific job roles. Ms. Sarah Ryan have displayed more than 15 years of experience in the oil and gas sector (Woodside.com.au, 2016). She has displayed facilitative leadership. Her leadership style is people centered and she strives to develop an organizational culture that would facilitate goal achievement. She focusses on fostering team work in the organization along with enriching workplace culture. She also emphasizes on the change management process in the organization and has displayed effective leadership on these matters. Michigan Studies of Leadership has been followed for designing the leadership structure of the organization (Sholarin and Awange, 2015). This group of studies have helped the company to identify the principles of the different leadership styles which would be best suited to the organization. This would increase the organizational productivity as well as increase the motivation of the employees. The organizational leaders focus more on the human resources aspect of the organization. It values its employees and tries to create an enriching organizational culture. The senior leaders demonstrate participative leadership in the organization. Conclusion Woodside Petroleum is a reputed organization in the oil and gas sector which has implemented good organizational policies. The senior leaders of the company have displayed democratic leadership as well as facilitative leadership which has given due importance to the employees of the organization. The company has also faced several criticisms in the recent past which has also impacted the brand image of the organization. The internal environment as well as external environment analysis is done with the help of several tools such as PESTEL, SWOT and others. The analysis of the macro environment as well as internal environment would help the company in formulating efficient operation policies. The organizational culture of the company is enriching and it provides excellent human resources policies. This report would broaden the understanding of the organizational policies of Woodside Petroleum. References Aguilera, R.F., Eggert, R.G., CC, G.L. and Tilton, J.E., 2012. Is Depletion Likely to Create Significant Scarcities of Future Petroleum Resources?. InNon-Renewable Resource Issues(pp. 45-82). Springer Netherlands. Azar, S., 2015. The Relation of the US Dollar with Oil Prices, Gold Prices, and the US Stock Market.Research in World Economy, 6(1). Bayzakova, A., 2014. The Uncertain Future of Australian LNG Projects: The Use of Scenario Building in Strategic Management. Clark, C.E., Horner, R.M. and Harto, C.B., 2013. Life cycle water consumption for shale gas and conventional natural gas.Environmental science technology,47(20), pp.11829-11836. Doerffer, J.W., 2013.Oil spill response in the marine environment. Elsevier. Kumar, V., Sharma, A., Shah, R. and Rajan, B., 2013. Establishing profitable customer loyalty for multinational companies in the emerging economies: a conceptual framework.Journal of International Marketing,21(1), pp.57-80. North, D.W., Stern, P.C., Webler, T. and Field, P., 2014. Public and stakeholder participation for managing and reducing the risks of shale gas development.Environmental science technology,48(15), pp.8388-8396. Sholarin, E.A. and Awange, J.L., 2015. Broad Framework for Environmental Project Management. InEnvironmental Project Management(pp. 93-107). Springer International Publishing. Sridhar, K. and Jones, G., 2013. The three fundamental criticisms of the Triple Bottom Line approach: An empirical study to link sustainability reports in companies based in the Asia-Pacific region and TBL shortcomings.Asian Journal of Business Ethics,2(1), pp.91-111. Stigka, E.K., Paravantis, J.A. and Mihalakakou, G.K., 2014. Social acceptance of renewable energy sources: A review of contingent valuation applications.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,32, pp.100-106. Woodside.com.au, 2016.Woodside Energy | Home. [online] Woodside.com.au. Available at: https://www.woodside.com.au [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016].

The Battle Over Outline of Research and How to Win It

The Battle Over Outline of Research and How to Win It Research paper outline examples are easily found over the web. Research papers are a main portion of the educational procedure, and lots of instructors require students to make available an outline of their research paper before they actually write it. It is not a task for one day. An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. The paper should get off to a good beginning when it comes to clarifying unfamiliar information as not to depart from your readers puzzled. Research Paper preparation means handling a great deal of information. For a lengthier paper, it is vital, or you will get overwhelmed by the sheer quantity of information that you must assimilate, and write down. In order to start outlining the research paper, determine why you're researching the subject. The target of any very good research undertaking, par ticularly at the Masters level, is to run into a theory or hypothesis that has not yet been tested as of yet. Whether you do a very simple research or a complicated one for a larger project, a research outline can help you receive the best outcomes. As the project is underway you might discover the should revise your methodology. The issue is divided into the statement of the issue and the importance of the study. The Hidden Truth About Outline of Research No matter the section, there are particular qualities that every component of the research paper outline should have. The write-up covers its most important elements and offers valuable examples. Outlining the sections right at the start of writing research paper can help you to keep up a suitable structure for the whole write up. For the methodology, determine the plan of the study is often the toughest portion. To utilize APA paper outline or a different style, you have to read many samples of such documents. APA form at is well-known among students because of its simple guidelines and approach. An outline is essential for all kinds of research papers. Completing an MLA outline will make sure your research paper format is accurate. For your research paper example to get going, you will have to announce your introduction with few sentences that show what type of research questions you're going to be asking. Read everything you may see in your field of interest. For some of them you will require help, while others you may write all on your own. It is possible to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the assistance of our professional experts. Specify the question your research will answer, establish the reason it's a substantial question, show how you're likely to answer the question, and indicate what you expect we'll learn. The literature review has to be planned in order to know where you're likely to get sources from to be a ble to strengthen your arguments and comprehension of the topic. Now, your thesis will evolve and get refined as you finish your research and writing, but you should get started with your thesis so that you know where you're going. After reading the thesis, there ought to be no doubt precisely what the research will be about. These steps outline a very simple and beneficial strategy for writing a research paper. The outline may be used from both professionals and students looking to compose a formal proposal. You are able to also describe the reach of your research. Conducting a research isn't any doubt an elaborate affair and with all these tasks to do, it isn't uncommon to eliminate consistency if there's no outline. Finding the Best Outline of Research An outline is crucial when a student has to manage a concise assignment of 1000 words or less. It's only feasible to generate an outline when you have familiarity with the subject. You can also see speech outline. An o utline will help to specify the way a student will build other significant sections including Literature Review. You could also see chapter outline. An excellent guide is roughly two paragraphs per page. Additionally, among the crucial purposes of an outline is to clearly convey the relationship between the thesis and every one of the topic sentences. The entire sentence outline format is basically the exact same as the Alphanumeric outline.

Help Me Find a Literary Topic For a Research Paper About Poes Works

Help Me Find a Literary Topic For a Research Paper About Poe's WorksWhat I am going to do in this article is to tell you that you can find a literary topic for a research paper about poe's works. This can be done by researching these works on your own or getting help from others who have already done their research on the subject. Both options are fine, but finding a literary topic for a research paper about poe's works should be a matter of your preference.If you have decided to search for a literary topic for a research paper about poe's works, the first thing you need to do is decide what type of literature you would like to research. One option would be for you to do a scholarly or academic type of study, where you would gather the relevant information and then make a report about the topic. If you are not comfortable doing that type of study, there are other options available as well. You could choose to write a creative essay, which basically means you would write about the top ic in your own words, as an essay, even though you are writing from an academic viewpoint.Another option available is to do a creative writing based on the academic literature on the topic. This option is very popular with those who wish to write an essay without necessarily having a full-blown thesis to prove their position. On the other hand, if you are a full-fledged scholar, you may want to do a more researched and scholarly article on the topic of your choice.A third option you have is to decide what type of literary topic you would like to do. This can be done by choosing the type of literature that you want to cover and by looking at the topics for these works. If you have decided to research poe's works for your research paper, you will want to choose a literature that pertains to the subject you are researching.There are also books written about historical fiction, which you may want to look into. If you happen to know about a literary topic that pertains to this subject, i t may be much easier for you to decide which one to do. In the end, though, it is up to you to decide what you would like to do with your research.If you choose a literary topic that pertains to the subject you are researching, you need to determine how you would like to approach the topic. You could talk to professionals about this topic, research the subject in the bookstore and internet, or look online for topics and related literature. This is a matter of your choice.If you have decided on a literary topic for a research paper about poe's works, the next step would be to organize your findings. You will need to choose a topic and gather the necessary information to write about the topic. Once you have gathered all of the required information, you can choose to either present your findings as a thesis or as an essay based on your research.

Long Term Effects of the Federalists Papers

Long Term Effects of the Federalists PapersWhen reading articles on long term effects of the Federalists Papers, you may not be completely convinced that there are any long term effects. For example, you may be thinking 'what if the government didn't think about the papers anymore then?' Here is why that might not be the case.If you go back to our first paragraph, you will see that long term effects of the Federalists Papers are hard to detect. They are also difficult to explain. However, you will be able to look back and see what the papers have done to American politics. You will also see that history is going to remember this period for a long time.Many people look at this period in history and wonder how the paper can do such a thing. However, they fail to realize that the Federalist Papers created a problem that could never be solved and that it was not the result of a conspiracy. As such, it is safe to say that a paper like this could not just suddenly disappear without leaving any lasting consequences.However, many people look at this period in history and wonder what it has done to the United States. In the eyes of many Americans, the papers created a major problem that could never be solved. And this problem took time to work itself out before it became visible.Therefore, we must consider that long term effects of the Federalists Papers may very well be long term effects of our government. The effect on American politics could be seen as having been long-term effects of our government's attempt to find a way to deal with the Great Depression. Other nations, like Europe, faced similar problems with their governments.With that being said, the papers may very well have caused long term effects that we cannot even see. However, we can know that the effects were there and that it will not simply disappear without leaving any lasting effects.You will be able to find out the long term effects of the Federalists Papers by reading historical articles on long te rm effects of the Federalists Papers. These articles may help you understand the problems that our government was facing as it attempted to solve the Great Depression.

Understanding Your Strengths and Weaknesses

Understanding Your Strengths and WeaknessesRemembering your strengths and weaknesses is just as important as taking a test. When preparing for your AP tests, you will find that one of the most difficult parts of your essay is coming up with reasons to change your answer from one statement to another. You need to stay true to your position even if it is obvious that you are already doing so.Once you have been exposed to all of your strengths, then the first step is to discover your weaknesses. Your strengths might include writing skills or an ability to learn quickly. If you think about your weaknesses and how they affect your life, this is the place to begin thinking about the best solution to these problems.Remembering your strengths and weaknesses can be done while you are in class. Go over what you know about them and make sure that you are happy with the areas you possess. Use examples that will really demonstrate your knowledge about them. It is important to stay in control at a ll times when it comes to the essay.Some people might like to just take a few practice test questions and use that information in the essay. This might work but you are going to find that the process of testing yourself on paper will be harder than it has to be. Instead of going back and forth with yourself, you should make sure that you just prepare your thoughts and words before you start writing the essay.In order to be successful with both your strengths and weaknesses, you need to understand how to make sense of them. If you simply look at something for a long time without being able to put together the details, you will tend to write an incoherent thought. You need to first put your focus on getting the basics down first before getting too far into the specifics.The second part of writing an essay is to make strong examples out of your strengths. Consider the time that you spent working on improving your writing skills. Find the strong example and use it to build your argument for your own strengths.Writing a sample essay can help you focus your focus on your strengths and weaknesses. It can also help you come up with examples of areas where you might be lacking. Once you have found this area, you can start to write about the strengths you have and the weaknesses you think you have.

Public Health Nursing Essay Example

Public Health Nursing Paper Smith, C. M. , Maurer, f. A. (2005). State and Local Health Departments. Community/public health nursing practice: health for families and populations (3rd ed. , p. 727). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders. References Agar, M. H. (1973). Ethnography and the addict. In Nadar, L. , and Maretzki, T. W. , (eds. ) Cultural Illness and Health. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association. Agar, M. H. (1986). Speaking of ethnography. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications American Nurses Association (ANA) (2007). Public health nursing: Scope and standards of practice. Washington, DC: American Nurses Publishing. Anderson, E. T. , McFarlane, J. (2011). Community as partner: Theory and practice in nursing (6th ed. ). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Anderson, N. L. R. , Calvillo, E. R. , Fongwa, M. N. (2007). Community-based approaches to strengthen cultural competency in nursing education and practice. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 18(1-S), 49s-59s. Andrews, J. O. , Bentley, G. , Crawford, S. , Pretlow, L. Tingen, M. S. (2007). Using community-based participatory research to develop a culturally sensitive smoking cessation intervention with public housing neighborhoods. Ethnicity and Disease, 17(2), 331-337. Aronson, R. E. , Wallis, A. B. , O’Campo, P. J. , Whitehead, T. L. , Schafer, P. (2007a). Ethnographically informed community evaluation: A framework and approach for evaluating community-based initiatives. Maternal Child Health Journal, 11(2), 97-109. Aronson, R. E. , Wallis, A. B. , O’Campo, P. J. Schafer, P. (2007b). Neighborhood mapping and evaluation: A methodology for participatory community health initiatives. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health Nursing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health Nursing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Public Health Nursing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Maternal Child Health Journal, 11(4), 373 – 383. Association of Community Health Nursing Educators (2003). Essentials of master’s level nursing education for advanced community/public health nursing practice. Latham, NY: Author. Blake, B. J. Bentov, L. (2001). Geographical mapping of unmarried teen births and selected sociodemographic variables. Public Health Nursing, 18(1), 33-39. Brainard, A. M. (1922, 1985). The Evolution of public health nursing. New York: Garland. Buhler-Wilkerson, K. (1989). False dawn: The rise and decline of public health nursing, 1900-1950. New York: Garland. Castleden, H. , Garvin, T. , Nation, H. A. A. F. (2008). Modifying photovoice for community-based participatory Indigenous research. Social Science and Medicine, 66(6), 1393-1405. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Tobacco control state highlights, 2010. Atlanta: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health. Council on Linkages between Academia and Public Health Practice (Council on Linkages, COL). (2010). Core competencies for public health professionals. Retrieved from www. phf. org/resourcestools/Documents/Core_Public_Health_Competencies_III. pdf[-0] Cravey, A. J. , Washburn, S. A. , Gesler, W. M. , Arcury, T. A. , Skelly, A. H. (2001). Developing socio-spatial knowledge networks: a qualitative methodology for chronic disease prevention. Social Science Medicine, 52(12), 1763-1775 Executive Order 13544 Establishing the national prevention, health promotion, and public health council. (2010). Retrieved www. whitehouse. gov/the-press-office/executive-order-establishing-national-prevention-health-promotion-and-public-health[-1] Fitzpatrick, M. L. (1975). The national organization for public health nursing, 1912–1950: development of a practice field. New York: National League for Nursing. Fletcher, B. J. , Himmelfarb, C. D. , Lira, M. T. , Meininger, J. C. , Pradhan, S. R. , Sikkema, J. S. (2011). Global cardiovascular disease prevention: A call to action for nursing community-based and public health prevention initiatives. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 10(2), S32-S41. Gesler, W. M. , Hayes, M. , Arcury, T. A. , Skelly, A. H. , Nash, S. , Soward, A. C. M. (2004). Use of mapping technology in health intervention research. Nursing Outlook, 52(3), 142-146. Hair, E. C. , Park, M. J. , Ling, T. J. , Moore, K. A. (2009). Risky behaviors in late adolescence: Co-occurrence, predictors, and consequences. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(3), 253-61. Hassouneh, D. , Alcala-Moss, A. McNeff, E. (2011). Practical strategies for promoting full inclusion of individuals with disabilities in community-based participatory intervention research. Research in Nursing and Health, 34, 253-265. Israel, B. A. Eng, E. , Schulz, A. J. Parker, E. A. (Eds. ). (2005) Methods in community-based participatory research for health, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Karim, G. (1997). In living context: An interdisciplinary approach to rethinking rural prevention. In E. B. Robertson, Z. Sloboda, G. M. Boyd. L. Beatty N. J. Kozel, eds. Rural substance abuse: State of knowledge and issues (National Institute of Drug Abuse, Monograph 168). Rockville MD: US Department of Health and Human Services. Kretzmann, J. P. , J. L. McKnight. (1997).